home >> Paraphrasing
of the Dermatoglyphic Pattern
Paraphrasing of the Dermatoglyphic Pattern of Chinese Carpet
On the base of understanding the meaning of dermatoglyphic pattern.
We change another aspect to analyze the dermatoglyphic pattern. In the traditional
culture’s psychology point of view, we can find that the Chinese carpet embodies
the traditional thought, religious belief, taste consciousness, and the effect
producing by the differences of cultural notion between west and east on the
Chinese carpet pattern.
Ⅰ. Dragon pattern
In feudalism society of China, dragon usually symbolized the stateliness
of the monarch. While it represents goodness, luck, and exorcise in common
people. For example, the “double happiness of dragon and phoenix” pattern
is mostly used in wedding festival. Other dragon patters include “dragon rising
to sky on the cloud”, “dragon turning round his head on the cloud”, “moving
dragon playing with pearls”, “ twisting dragon grabbing expensive goods”,
“double dragon playing with pearl”, “double dragon offering one’s birthday”,
“double dragon gamboling in the sea”, “nine dragon get-together”, and so on.
Ⅱ. Phoenix pattern
Phoenix is a lucky bird in the fairy tale of ancient China. It is said that
the phoenix appearance hints that the country will be prosperous. The common
phoenix patterns are “phoenix blowing peony”, “dragon and phoenix applying
for lucky”, “five phoenix picture”, “hundreds of birds facing phoenix”, “peony
and phoenix facing sun”, and so on.
From the remote ancient legend and the unearthed cultural relics of the New
Stone Age, it can be see that the Chinese nation have entered into a savaging
totemisim period in desolated primitive society. At that time, members of
every primitive tribe have formed a strong cohesive force in order to strive
for living. They worshiped their own ancestor. They believed that the world
was created by their ancestor. This is different from the doctrines of God
in West completely. During the process of worshipping to their own ancestor,
they formed their own living pattern and production techniques. They unified
their faith together and resist the other ideas into their own field. Therefore,
their clans got consolidated. They took their own ancestor as mysterious,
strength, perspicacity, braveness. They regarded their ancestor as the combination
of human with god. Their ancestor dominated the whole natural world. Therefore,
the totem symbol embodying worship to their ancestor was unified from remote
ancient time. In the carpet pattern, totem symbol in common use is dragon
and phoenix.
In the period of totemisim, the dragon clan and the phoenix clan had the greatest
influence, especially the dragon clan. Finally, they almost unified the whole
Center Plain of China. Therefore, it is frequently said that the Chinese Nation
is the offspring of dragon.
In the Chinese fairy tale narrated about one hundred eras, Pangu, regarded
as the ancestor to create the world, has a figure of dragon. According to
the records of Wuyun to every year, emperor Pangu has a dragon head, a snake
body; he can wind and rain through breathing out slowly, thunder and thunderbolt
by blowing; when he open his eyes, it is daytime, while when he close his
eyes, it turn to night. According to popular legend, the ancestors, who made
people by mud, Fuyi and Niuwa, have a dragon figure too. What about the figure
of the ancestor of Chinese Nation-------Huangdi? Huangdi were described as
follows in Shanhai Jing – Shiwai Xijin: his face likes human, his body likes
snake. He is similar to a dragon. There are many other persons who have a
human face, a snake body. For example, Tian huang, Di huang, Ren huang, etc.
All these dragon images indicate that the dragon is Chinese ancestor, and
imply that the dragon totem clan is the hero in that time. Wen Yiduo, a famous
scholar, said: “as the image of the Chinese nation dragon is formed through
the combination of the appearance of snake and other kind of animals. The
snake body forms his main part, accepting the four foots of animal, the hair
of horse, the toe of the deer, the claw of the dog, the scale and palpus of
the fish.” The formation of dragon totem makes us suppose the expanding, annexing,
and combining course of one tribe. In the end of the New Stone Age, in China,
primitives in the northwest and north area took aquitics and animals for totem.
In these animal, dragon is the combination of all animals, is a symbol of
federation of victory.
In the eastern coastal area, bird totem occupies a dominant place. The clan,
which unified east, is phoenix totem clan. Phoenix maybe is the combining
image of many bird totems. It is said in Zuozhuan that Shaoyu had offered
sacrifice to phoenix. Shaoyu was the king of the remote clan, which now is
in Shandong district. He unified the east area of China.
Along with the development of history, the dragon totem clan in west area
replaced the phoenix totem clan in east area. But the dragon totem clan didn’t
have enough strength to assimilate the phoenix clan. They only can make the
phoenix clan be subject to them. Therefore, the image of dragon and phoenix
keep in the people’s faith. Up to the present, dragon and phoenix pattern
still is the happiest pattern of Chinese nation.
After entering the Slave society and feudalism society, dragon and phoenix
become into the embodiment of emperor concubine and emperor. Emperor is likened
to a dragon, the queen is compared to a phoenix.
The first nation, that took dragon for totem, is Xia Dynasty. It is said that
the first emperor had achievements in preventing flood by water control. When
he ascended the throng, a dragon descended in the sky. So, there are two dragons
interlacing together on the emperor’s flag. There were dragon patterns on
the household utensils too. Since then, the clothes of emperor used dragon
patterns. Therefore, the body of emperor was called dragon body, and the clothes
dressed by emperor were called dragon robe.
Beijing carpet has a long history. The phoenix pattern plays an important
role, and is in common use. Since Yuan Dynasty, the feudal officials regulated
the dragon and phoenix pattern strictly. Only can the emperor use the five-foot
dragon pattern. The relatives and the dignitary use the four-foot dragon or
three-foot dragon pattern. Others were prohibited from using every kind of
dragon pattern. This regulation lasts to the collapsing of the Qing Dynasty.
The phoenix pattern was not regulated strictly, but it mainly supplys to the
queen and concubine
Ⅲ. Hints of the Eight Immortals pattern
Hints of the Eight Immortals represent the articles hold by the eight immortals
imagined in the fairy tale during ancient China. Because people usually use
the articles used by the eight immortals to hint their existence, it is called
“ hints of eight supernatural being”. If adding water ripple patterns in the
space of these articles, this pattern is called “ eight immortals in the water”.
Therefore, this pattern has the meaning of exorcise, assuring blessedness,
and safety.
The eight immortals refer to the eight celestial beings of Taoism in the folklore
in China. Everyone had a cimelia. A single cimelia drawing or weaving on the
carpet hints the eight persons. The eight immortals are:
Zhang Guolao------ his image was described firstly in recording the significant
person randomly, a book of Tang Dynasty. He ride a white donkey, walk hundreds
thousands of miles a day. According to the folklore, he rides the donkey at
the reverse direction. In Du Yi Zhi, he was described as follows: “There is
a older man in Xuanzong dyansty. Nobody knows his age. Going to Jingzhou,
the emperor receives him. When asked something, there isn’t anything he dose
not know. According to editing informally, Zhang Guolao ride a white donkey,
walk hundreds of thousands of miles a day. When folded, the donkey turned
into a paper, and can put in a box; when besprinkled with water, the donkey
become into a donkey over again. When he was summoned to an interview by Tang
Taizong and Wu Zetian, he didn’t reply, and renounced the world. Later, he
went to mountain Zhong Tiaoshan, never went anywhere, except moving between
San Fen and Jin. He lived several hundred years as the story goes.
The cimelia of Zhang Guolao is a drum and walking stick.
Zhong Liquan------ the originating record about him is from Bei Song Dynasty.
It is said that he was defeated in the battle of conquering Tu Fan. He rode
a horse fleeing into a remote mountain. He lost his way. At night, he met
a monk in a remote forest. The monk led him walking about several miles. Finally
they get to the practicing place of Mr. Dong Huashan. The monk left bowing
with hands folded in front. Long later, one person, with white fur coat, and
green walking stick, come up, and asked: “ are you the general of Han Dynasty------Zhong
Liquan? Do you like loading in this place? ”. Hearing that, Zhong Liquan stood
in amazement. He knew that this person was a supernatural man, then he beseeched
him to teach him the method to pull through his life. Then the old man taught
him the recipe for living long, and swordsmanship. After leaving there, Zhong
Liquan met the Hua Yang and Wang Xuanpu. After receiving the recipe for longevity,
he lived in Zi Jin Si Hao peak in Kong Dong, and got the secret of Yu Xia.
Then he turned into a supernatural being.
The cimelia of Zhong Liquan is a fan.
Lv Dongbin------he was born in Pu Zhou in Tang Dynasty. He was very handsome.
As a child, he was very clever. He was eight-ruler and two-inch tall. He liked
living by himself. The Whole Tang Poem embodied a lot of his poems. The three-drunk
gloriette to the Yue Yang building in Dong Ting Lake was built in the light
of the meaning of his verse. He wrote that when he passed the Yue Yang Lake
in the pot, nobody knew him. Reciting the poems, he flied over the lake. Lv
Dongbin could not win in the examinations of the emperor’s highest exam twice.
When he was 64 years old, wondering in the alcohol shop in Changan, he met
Mr. Zhong Liquan. Then he implored him to teach him the art to pull through
the life. Zhog Liquan found him think nothing when he was explored ten times.
Therefore, Zhong Liquan guided him to He mountain range, and taught him the
secret of Shang Qing. After getting hold of the secret he wandering in Jiang,
Huai, and Shi Lingjian. There, he removed the mythical flood dragon. He lived
about four hundreds of years through releasing souls repeatedly. Nobody knew
him.
His cimelia is a double-edged sword.
Li Tieguai------ history records didn’t record him. Maybe he is a fiction
person. The earliest story about Tie Guaili is from Zaju (a poetic drama set
to music, flourishing in the Yuan Dynasty). As Xian Zong, the second chapter
of Jian Hu Miji recorded, the surname of Tieguai is Li. He is a tall and big
man. When he was a child, he knew what happened in the last life. Then he
practiced in grotto. At that time, Li Laojun and Mr. Wanqiu usually went to
there, and instructed him the Toism. One day, going to meet Li Laojun in Mountain
Hua, Li Tieguai told his prentices that I left my soul here, if I could not
come back in seven days, then you burnt my fetch (body). But the prentices
burnt his body as his mother’s opinion in the sixth day. Li Tieguai come back
in the seventh day really. But his soul hadn’t place to rely, then he put
his soul in a dead beggar’s body, and become alive. So, he had an ugly and
limp image. According another book the combining book of immortalsin ancient
time and nowadays. The name of Tie Guaili is Hongshui, his byname is Guai,
or Tieguai. He usually begged in the town. People always looked down on him.
Later, he threw his walking stick in the sky, the walking stick turned into
a dragon, then he flew away riding on the dragon.
His cimelia is walking stick and calabash.
Cao Guojiu------biogrophy of all immortals recorded that Cao Guojiu was the
little brother of the Cao queen of Song Dynasty. He violated the low, and
murdered a man, then he escaped and felt disgrace. Finally, he lived a reclusive
life in mountain. He practiced tolerance and admiring Tao. Later, he met with
two supernatural men, Zhong Liquan and Chun Yang. They asked: “are you cultivating
yourself according to a religious doctrine? And what are you practicing? ”.
He replied: “I am cultivating Tao”. They asked again: “where is the Tao? ”.
Cao Guojiu pointed with hand, and said nothing. The two supernatural men laughed
and said: “heart is sky namely, and sky is Tao namely. You have understood
the truth of Tao completely”. Therefore, they introduced him into the group
of supernatural being.
His cimelia is Yin Yang board.
He Xiangu------she lived in the beginning of Tang Dynasty. Her hometown was
GuangZhou. She was a daughter of He Tai. Later, she moved to Muxi. At that
time, she was almost 14 years old. Records of Luofu described: “He Xiangu
met a immortals in the dream. He taught her to eat mica powder, which could
make people longevity. Therefore, she ate the mica powder. She swore that
she never got married. She usually walked between the peak of the mountain.
She walked as flying. Everyday, she went out at morning, and got back at night
and picked many fruits for her mother. Later, she went to the hollow, and
never went anywhere. Wu Zetian sent somebody to invite him. In the midway,
she disappeared. During Zhong Zong period, she flied to the sky in the daytime.
Her cimelia is lotus flower.
Han Xiangzi------he was the nephew of Hanyu, a famous writer in Tang Dynasty.
According to the biography of all supernatural beings, his byname is Qing
Fu. He fell on evil days, and lived a unruly living. When meeting Mr. Chun
Yang, he followed him wandering. One day, he mounted a tree to pick peaches.
Carelessly, he dropped down from the tree, and died. The carcass dissolved.
Once a time, Han Xiangzi looked in Han Yu. Han Yu asked him to write a poem
to express his ambition. Then, Han Xiangzi wrote a poem. The poem implied
that Han Xiangzi could brew wine, and make the flower blooming immediately.
Han Yu said: “ Do you have the ability to reverse the nature?” Then, Han Xiangzi
got a winegoblet. When opening the cover, the wine existed in the winegoblet
really. Han Xiangzi lay the soil on the ground, then two flowers bloomed,
like peony and one verse appeared between the flower------Qin Lin is circled
with cloud, I don’t know where my hometown is; snow covers Lan Guan, the horse
don’t walk forward. Han Yu didn’t know the meaning of the sentence. Han Xiangzi
said: “it can be approved someday.” Afterward, Han Yu went to secure official
position in Chan Zhou. On the way, he brushed up against a snowing. Suddenly,
one person appeared, walking toward him against the snow. He was Han Xiangzi.
Han Xiangzi asked: "can you understand the meaning of the sentence between
the flowers?"
Once a time, Han Yu was degraded to Qi Di, namely Lan Guan. Han Yu sighed,
and said to Han Xiangzi: “I write a poem for you.” Then there is the famous
poem. The content is: “in the morning, the memorial was presented to the emperor;
at night, I was degraded to Chaoyang, eight thousand miles away. Disregarding
my old age, I determined to remove the abuses. Qin Lin is circled with cloud,
I don’t know where my hometown is; snow covers Lan Guan, the horse don’t walk
forward. Nobody knew the intention my coming here, my copse could be found
at the edge of the river, filling with malaria.” Han Yu and Han Xiangzi loaded
in Lan Guan one night. Han Xiangzi bided a farewell to Han Yu, and give him
a bottle medicine to resist malaria. Han Yu said disappointedly: “can we meet
together?” Han Xiangzi replied: “I can not make the nature’s mystery secret
known.” Then, Han Xiangzi left.
His cimelia is a bamboo flute.
Lan Caihe------his story was appeared in Xu Xian Zhuan originally. According
to the book, nobody knew his hometown. His clothes ragged usually. One foot
wore shoe; the other bared. In summer, there was cotton in his clothes; but
in winter, he usually lied on the snow. His breath likes steam. Everyday,
he went begging in the town, singing a song. He held a board, three-ruler-long,
in his hand. He liked to sing Ta Ta song in tipsy. The phrase of the song
is: “Ta Ta song, Lan Caihe, how many lives are there. The beauty of the girl
likes a spring tree, the time is as fast as shuttle. Ancient people go away
and never come back, at present, many people come to the world. In the morning,
I go to the sky riding on a phoenix, at night, when I come back, the ground
is covered with frost. The beautiful peak stands tall and erect in the sky,
the silver and golden imperial palace is high and steep.” The phrases of the
song are strong and manly. Nobody knows the meaning. He brought coins in his
flank, made together with string. When his coin lost, he never picked. Meeting
poor people, he gave his coin to them. Sometimes, he gave to the wine shop.
He toured around the world. Somebody saw him in his young and old, they didn’t
find any differences in his appearance. Later, he song between Haoliang. One
day, he enjoyed a cool on wine shop, he can heard the crane and the Sheng
sound. Suddenly, he stood up, throwing his shoes, clothes, belt, and board
in to the sky, and flew to the sly. His shoes and clothes disappeared immediately.
His cimelia is a floral basket.
Eight Immortals crossing the sea: It is said that the Eight Immortals attended
a peach meeting. Liu Dongbin proposed that every one could not cross the sea
by cloud. They could throw an article in the sea, and crossed the sea by what
was thrown. Therefore, Li Tiuguai threw his walking stick in the sea, and
crossing depending on wind and wave. Han Xiangzi threw a floral basket. Lv
Dongbing threw a “Xiao”. Lan Caihe threw a board. Zhang Guolao, Cao Guojiu,
Han Zhongli, He Xiangu threw paper donkey, jade board, drum, bamboo mantle
respectively. Then the all crossed the sea by what they threw successfully.
The popular phrase------ “ Ba Xian Guo Hai, Ge Xian Sheng Tong” mean that
like the Eight Immortals crossing the sea, each one showing his or her special
prowess. This phrase passed on and on, till now. It edifies people that difficulty
needs the wit and strength of every one to conquer.
Ⅳ. Various cimelia pattern
Various cimelia is a general term of every cimelia used by immortals. It does
not include “ Eight cimelia of Budhha” and “ Bo Go” pattern. Various cimelia
pattern which is in common use include pearl, coin, book, drawing, red leaf,
coral, lucky cloud, ingot, and Qing patterns. Because the cimelia is used
by immortals for getting rid of evils, then it has the meaning of getting
rid of evils, and getting in good fortune. Various cimelias are used group
by group. The common combination is putting musical instrument, chess, book,
and drawing in one group. We usually called this combination “ Wen Fang Si
Yi”.
Pearl: pearls are the shining things formed by the secretion
of the calm in the shell. It usually is used as adorning, and costly. In China,
pearl is a good word. It usually means good thing and good person. For example,
people usually called a lovely boy pearl son, a lovely girl pearl girl. If
people want to state some lost thing have found, they usually use “pearl back”.
The sound is as loud and sweet as a pearl is a metaphor also. In ancient time,
people think that if an emperor has virtues, the pearl will appear. So, pearl
stand for an emperor’s virtue. “Virtue” is the core of the ruling class of
Buddhism . Therefore, pearl is used in the carpet of royalty. Pearls usually
is combined with dragons. For example, “double dragon playing with pearl”
stands for the emperor having virtues.
A chain of pearls pattern: This kind of pattern looks as if the pearls
connect each other. This means that the country is integrity. This pattern
is usually used as the rim pattern.
Coin pattern: This pattern looks like Chinese numismatics,
with a round outside lane and a square inside lane. Chinese ancient people
think of that the sky is round, the mother earth is square. Therefore, the
coin pattern means that the sky and the mother earth have one family, the
government officials and the common people happy together. In addition, the
round outside lane of the coin embodies “affability”, the square inside lane
means “doughty”. People have doughty and gentle traits together, are affable
but not fawn on others. This is the gracious standard of Chinese nation. Meanwhile,
coin pattern stands for riches and honour.
Cloud: floating, curving beauty cloud has a strong ornament
effect, as well as is the symbol of lucky. Cloud pattern is always arranged
in pairs with dragon pattern. The ancient people said that: “cloud comes from
dragon”. It means that dragon turns into fountain after into the earth, the
vapor of the fountain becomes into cloud after up to the sky. Cloud and dragon
pattern stands for riches and honors. Wisp cloud symbolizes freedom and nobleness.
Qing: Qing is a musical instrument made of chime stone in
ancient time. It is carved with stone and jade. Hanging on a shelf, it can
make a sound after striking. Qing originates from Shang Dynasty (11 B.C.).
It represents courtesy ( in Chinese Li), and happy ( in Chinese Yue).
Eight instruments: In ancient China, it is a general name
of musical instruments. It includes gold, stone, earth, leather, silk, wood,
gourd, and bamboo. The bell belongs to metal musical instrument, Qing to stone,
Xun to earth, drum to leather, Qinse to silk and wood, Sheng to gourd, and
Guan to bamboo. Confucius hold that different musical instrument should match
the ceremony, to make harmonious between ceremony and musical instrument,
to inspire the heart, and to sublime the spirit.
Four arts: it is the general name of musical instrument,
chess, book, and drawing. It embodies the level of artistic appreciation in
ancient China. In ancient China, scholars displayed their temperament and
interest of elegance life and noble personality of having knowledge and courtesy
through playing musical instruments and chess, reading books, and drawing
pictures. Four arts pattern is used widely in Beijing carpet pattern. Automatically,
most people who enjoy Beijng carpet are pursuers in four arts. Four arts pattern
reflects the sense that the Confucianists have paid great attention to artistic
appreciation.
Ⅴ. Treasure shape and flower head pattern
This pattern takes lotus, peony, dahlia for mold, changes the shape and combines
the flowers in accordance with the principle that regard the center of a circle
as center, use successive layers ,multiaspects, radiating, and symmetrical
form. Treasure shape flower head pattern was popular in Nan Bei Dynasty. Originally,
it was used by Buddlism. Later, it developed into a lucky pattern
Ⅵ. Kui-dragon dermatoglyphic pattern
In the middle of the carpet, there is a round circle. In the circle, there
is an one-legged monster dragon. It is a general name of one kind of carpet
having a large circle in the middle. The design can be dragon, as well as
phoenix, and flowers. So, this pattern can be deemed as the center-main-part
pattern.
VII. Various flower heads and dermatoglyphic pattern
Usually used flowers have: lotus, peony, water lily, chrysanthemum, orchid
et al. These flowers are not only beautiful floriated, but also have more
ample and lucky meaning, for example: the peony has the meaning of the king
of flower, very beautiful flower, riches and honor et al. The water lily stands
for the meaning of nobleness, early breeding, offspring thriving and prosperous
et al; and the pedicel lotus stands for couple conjugal love and family harmony.
Chrysanthemum, bamboo, orchid are used to stand for nobleness and faint scent.
.
Lotus: lotus symbolizes summer. Poet Yang Wanli in Song Dynasty
wrote: "joining to the sky, the leaves of the lotus seems more green;
shining by the sun, the flower of lotus looks more red." Lotus cannot
be stained coming from the mud. Its noble image is respected and admired by
people very much. Usually, people compare the conjugal love to two lotuses
growing in one root, blossoming around one center.
Peach blossom: It is the symbol of universal renewed spring.
Ancient poetry was saying: “When the Peach is blooming, the spring is coming”.
Chrysanthemum: It is the symbol of autumn. In ancient china, people
had the convention of viewing and admiring chrysanthemum on Chongyang festival,
ascending to yearn friends. Chrysanthemum calls people to yearn their folks.
In Song Dynasty, the famous poetess Li Qingzhao described the feeling and
yearning of a young woman when she was viewing and admiring chrysanthemum:
“drinking at the easterly fencing after dusk, there was secretly fragrant
breeze blowing here. I have stayed till dye-break, but I was still immersing
this atmosphere. when the west wind was blowing, I changed thinner than chrysanthemum”.
The chrysanthemum with her visualization of aloof and proud shows her prolonged
scene. At periods of Jin, the great poet Tao Yuanming, when he outguessed
the social and went home, wrote a poem: “Pick chrysanthemum at the easterly
fencing and leisurely enjoy the Nan mountain.” which shows so much leisureliness
and freedom. In the book “dream of the red chamber”, miss Lin Daiyu had many
sigh with emotion on Mr. Tao’s poem: “ when Mr. Tao finished the poem, the
haughtiness came down to today.”(Miss Lin’s poem: “chant chrysanthemum”).
Narcissus: It is the symbol of winter. She has many aliases,
for example: “golden calyx and silver desk”, “ woman star”, “Xiang woman”,
“clear wave fairy” et al. European named it as fragrant asphodel because of
her full-bodied aroma. The Narcissus grows in autumn, blooms in winter, deposits
nutrient in spring, is in dormancy in summer. It is the proud son in winter,
the messenger in spring. Because Narcissus is clean lily and elegance, so
fem cherished her. In modern history, the famous woman revolutionist Qiu Jin
intoned in her poem named “Narcissus” : “delicately grow in snow, but exceed
the faint scent of the plum blossom.”
Peony: Her flamboyancy exceeds any flowers, so people named
her as “the king in flowers”. The king of medicament science in Ming dynasty
in china, Li Shizhen (1518—1593) wrote the famous medicament book named “compendium
of materia medica” : “Peony is soul of universe, so it is the head of all
flowers.” Peony is very beautiful, natural and graceful, knobby, so she is
named as riches and honor flower. The great poet Luo Yin in Tang Dynasty applaud
: “ Though she has not sensation, she is very appealing”. So peony is usually
comparison with gallant charming pose of noblewoman. Queen and imperial concubine
liked the carpet whose center is peony. The peony dermatoglyphic pattern is
widely applied among northern carpet pattern.
Plum blossom: She is “the chief of all flowers”. The great
poet Chen Liang in Tang Dynasty extolled her as “ a flower is suddenly blooming,
then the aroma is coming.” Plum blossom blooms in snow, has beautiful pose
during hoar frost descends, because of her pure and noble, so she is so romantic.
Plum blossom’s integrity has been extolling throughout the ages.
Orchid: She is also named as “Chunlan”, “Danlan”, “cluster aroma”.
She is the high grade flower in plant evolution history. Orchid is faint fragrant
and have high viewing and admiring value, so people favor her. “book of changes.
chapter copulative” was written: “ If two person have one mind, the profit
can break golden; If two person have one mind indeed, the flavor is like orchid”,
so the ancient people usually thought “orchid friendship is like cater-cousin”,
and “orchid words” is compared with style of conversation constantly. In ancient,
lady’s bedroom was named as orchid home. “Orchid’s incense and sweet-scented
osmanthus aroma” is comparison with good moral shining and living forever,
prosperous offspring.
Pine: The pine tree has always been green throughout the
ages, whose life is very strong. Liu Zhen (?—217)who was one of “seven person
during the periods of Jian’an” wrote a poem applauding pine: “In the world
there is no something that is not fear of coldness except pine, which shows
pine’s nature”. Pine stand for longevity, nobleness and brawniness.
Bamboo: He is always green in the four seasons. With tall
and straight, unostentatious and gentle form, so he stands for longevity,
upright and outspoken, politeness, flourish and independence. Bamboo, pine
and plum blossom altogether are named as “three friends in severe winter”.
Bamboo, chrysanthemum, orchid and plum blossom altogether are named as “four
men of honor”.
Morning glory: Her local name is bugle flower. Morning glory
is voluble stem, often climbs fully fence. Her flower is multicolored. She
has the nature of strong life, artlessness. Morning glory blossoms in dawning,
like the little bugle blowing the sound of daybreak. Her color is changed
with intensity of sunlight. The ancient poem was saying: “at daybreak, take
off blue clothes and pull on clamworm clothes”. Morning glory stands for artlessness.
Rhododendron: she blossoms in early spring, just cuckoo moo
ceaselessly. So the ancient people imagined that the red rhododendron is changed
from cuckoo’s blood. They thought the cuckoo is the bird that ululates to
return home, so rhododendron is the flower whose meaning is “wanting to return
home”. The poet Yang Wanly in Song Dynasty wrote: “What is crying dew and
Ululating red, on the flower blossoming, we will know the sound of cuckoo;
How much has the blood of cuckoo, I am fear that it is dyed by the tear of
conscription.”
Albizia flower: Another name is horse tassel flower. Her
flower can be made into machine. Her meaning is harmonious and happy
China rose: Another name is Changchun flower, monthly red
flower. She, rosebush and rose are the same genus and named as “sister flower”.
China rose is honored as “the queen in flowers”. The ancient poem was praised:
“She is deeply hidden in leaves, but borrows the red color from sunlight on
branches”. China rose stands for spring scenery aeon, flourish and magnificence.
Ganoderma lucidum: The ancient said nimbus had the virtue of agerasia
and raising someone from the dead, so ganoderma lucidum is named as immortal
grass. the name of ganoderma lucidum was first recorded from the poem “ganoderma
lucidum piece” written by Cao Zhi during the periods of Sanguo: “Ganoderma
lucidum grows in universal, and this kind of grass is favored by Luo numen;
so she has nabobism and her brilliance is like the numen.” In Qing Dynasty,
Li Ruzhen’s book—“the chance from mirror flower”: “Ganoderma lucidum comes
from famous mountain, the supernatural being eat her. Because she blossoms
thrice every year, so she is named as “three elegant”.
Peach: She is the traditional benison gift in china. According
to folklore, there has been coming down many story about eating the peach
for longevity, many celestial being gathering for benison. So peach is usually
named as longevity peach.
Blessing, salary and longevity (Fu, Lu Shou in Chinese):
Bat, deer and peach stand for them. According to traditional idea in china,
people think that if all the life is creditable, the level is that if there
are blessing, salary and longevity. They are three lucky stars in life.
Lotus seed: She has the same sound as Lianzi in china. Lotus
seed has the meaning of “procreating continuously son”. According to traditional
idea in china, people thought: “ There are three kinds of impiety among which
no offspring is the first. Thus it can be seen that “procreating continuously
son” is so good blessing in china.
God bamboo, pachyrhizus: the “God” in god bamboo is the same
as sky, the “terra” in pachyrhizus is the same as terra. Both of them are
combined to form the meaning of “everlasting”.
Phoenix tree: Another name is blue Tong. There is folk vulgarism
saying: “If there is phoenix tree in family, the phoenix will fly here”. So
phoenix tree is named as the lucky tree. She can bring peace and happiness.
The ancient aphorism was saying: “a leaf of “phoenix tree” is falling, then
all people know that autumn is coming”. So ancient people named phoenix tree
as “ the tree knowing autumn”. Timber of phoenix tree can be made into musical
instrument whose sound is outstanding.
Usually, phoenix tree is painted with phoenix.
VIII. Brocade dermatoglyphic pattern
Brocade makes use of several set different longitudes or woof to make up various
different flower patterns. It has turtle brocade, plum blossom brocade,
Ruyi grass veins, chrysanthemum brocade, quadrel brocade et al.
IX. Breaking branch flower dermatoglyphic pattern
In fact , breaking branch flower also refers to a kind of a picture composition
method in traditional design—cut a branch or a part from some kind of flower
as the basic unit of separate dermatoglyphic pattern . The composition form
of a picture is excellent traditional flower and bird drawing in our country,
which is not like foreign drawing having strong man-made ornament. Usually
used flower have: peony, china rose, yulan, water lily, camellia, chayote,
calabash, plum blossom, megranate, chrysanthemum, grape, morning glory et
al. Breaking branch flower dermatoglyphic pattern can solely be used, also
combinatorially used. For example, “four men of honour” is the dermatoglyphic
pattern combined with plum blossom, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum, which
stands for the people’s magnificent sentiment.
X. Bat dermatoglyphic pattern
Bat is a kind of lucky beast in Chinese ancient myth. It would bring luck
and happiness. In carper design, bat dermatoglyphic patterns are very abundant.
It is often used for blessing happiness and longevity.
Bat: “Fu” of bat has the same sound as “Fu” of happiness in Chinese, so bat
stands for good luck. Bat is often painted along with cloud dermatoglyphic
pattern , which has the meaning of good future ( Between cloud and luck are
partial tone in Chinese ). The most familiar bat dermatoglyphic pattern is
“five lucky children holding in both hands longevity peach”, which is often
used for the Kiu central design. According traditional thought in china, “five
luck” refers to birthday, luck, making friends with virtue, longevity.
XI. Bunch flowers dermatoglyphic pattern
The characteristic of bunch flowers dermatoglyphic pattern is that it adopts
rotundity for a picture composition, so its picture shows all sides emanation
of direction or revolving type. According to usefulness, it can be divided
into big bunch flowers and small bunch flowers. Big group flower can be solely
used, also two big bunch flowers combined into a large dermatoglyphic pattern..
Small group shape can be used in the forms of twos or threes gathering into
group or crossing with butterfly and birds.
XII. “shou” character in Chinese (longevity in English ) dermatoglyphic pattern
“Shou” character in Chinese is a special ornament method in our country. Carpet
dermatoglyphic pattern often uses quadrate and circular “shou” letter as bottom
dermatoglyphic pattern . “Shou” character dermatoglyphic pattern is named
as “wan” letter in Chinese in the people’s costume, implies the lucky meaning
of continues and much change.
Quadrate and circular “shou” character: It is the modification of “shou” letter
in Chinese, which means long life.
XIII. Beasts dermatoglyphic pattern
Usually used dermatoglyphic patterns have tiger monkey, deer, horse, cow,
sheep,cat, panda, hare et al.
Eight beautiful horses: The ancient book recorded that King
Zhou Mu Wang rode eight beautiful horses to travel in each country at the
end of BC 10th century. Eight beautiful horses were Chi Ji.Bai Yi,Shan Zi,
Qu Huang, Hua Liu,Lu Er,Dao Li and Yu Lun. The King, Zhou Mu Wang Liked these
eight beautiful horses very much because these horses were beautiful and could
run ten thousand miles each day without having rest. The later generations
called these horses as heaven horses. Someone drew a picture of Eight Beautiful
Horses in Liu Chao Dynasty. After then, many drawrs drew Eight Beautiful Horses
in eachdynasty and these pictures were come down till tofay. The poet of Tang
Dynasty, Bai Juyi wrote famous Eight Beautiful Horses poem, "King Mu
Wang has Eight Beautiful Horses,the later generations like them and draw pictures,
the back of horse likes dragon and the neck likes elephant, the bone and muscle
are strong and fat. The can run them thousand miles each day like flying;
where did King Mu Wang ride to? Go everywhere in the world without having
rest"
Monkey: It stands for longevity. “White monkey and present
fruits” is the dermatoglyphic pattern used for greeting birthday. “ Appointing
the marquis on the back of horse”(“ma shang feng hou” in Chinese tone)----namely
a monkey is riding on the back of horse with its hand holding in golden medal,
is the dermatoglyphic pattern of greeting promoting.
Deer: It is a kind of lucky beast in the people’s stories.
White deer is the most costful, which has a long life and is regarded as the
horse for riding by celestial being. Because of the partial tone with “lu”
letter in Chinese, so deer often stands for winning promotion and getting
rich. Deer is often concomitant with crane in design, which means “the world
is all spring” (“lu he tong chun” in Chinese tone) (“liu he” in Chinese is
partial tone with “ deer crane”-- “The world: east, south, west, north, sky,
earth”) . Deer often appears in Taoism design, shows the fairyland meaning
of standing aloof from the worldly affairs and quiet and inaction.
Lion: Lion, who is famous for “ the king in hundreds beasts”,
stands for courageous and invincible might. It was always regards as festive
and lucky animal in Chinese folk. In Buddhism, lion is law’s patron saint.
Tiger:
Tiger skin veins
The tiger is the first among the animals and the king of the forest. It was
called "five fairy-tale animals" with dragon, phoenix, kylin and
tortoise together. At the initial time of the Tibet, the seat of Chief of
tribe was covered with the tiger skin. Since Zhongsi appeared, the Tibet people
kintted with tiger skin and Zhongsi together. These old patterns in Tibet
were only used in the imperial court, temples and noblemen families to symbolize
the sovereign power. The “power sticks” rolled with tiger veins hanging on
the two sides of the gates of Dongriguang palace and Potala Palace symbolized
sovereign power and these sticks could also eliminate the civls.
XIV. Kylin dermatoglyphic pattern
Kylin is a favonian lucky beast in chinese ancient fable. As it is said that
it is the head of four numen, the king of hundreds beasts. Its appearance
shows that the world is in peace and sage emperor will be appearing. Kylin
is a artistic visualization that can deliver themselves of people’s ideal
like dragon and phoenix. So kylin artistic visualization takes on some uncertainty,
but lion’s head, flesh, the deer like body, even hoof, long tail, all body’s
squama are the main feature of most of kylin artistic visualization. “kylin
dedicates book”, “kylin gives sons” is the usual theme.
XV. Right angle dermatoglyphic pattern
Right angle dermatoglyphic pattern is a traditional ornamental dermatoglyphic
pattern having geometrical shape, which is based on crisscross, makes each
end clockwise right-angle twisting, then connects them with all sides and
compose ornamental, so it could express the meaning of carried everything
before. Discal silk ribbon is a kind of dermatoglyphic pattern by using silk
ribbon strap crossing connection. Because it is continuous and protean, so
it has the meaning of luck.
Circle dermatoglyphic pattern: Its configuration is like
the “hui” letter in Chinese, so it is named. It means continuous return to
boundlessness. Mostly it is the side lines in picture. Using the form of both
continuum shows the eternal feeling of samsara.
T-shaped dermatoglyphic patternc: Its configuration is like
the “ding” letter in Chinese, so it is named. T-shaped lines ornaments the
big sides in the forms of its simple, stretched, continuous line beauty. So
it has the continuous and everlasting meaning. Otherwise, “ding” in Chinese
has the haleness meaning. The book “Historic notes” was recorded: “ The “ding”
letter shows everything is haleness.” So the “ding” in Chinese has the meaning
of blessing health.
卐“Wan”dermatoglyphic pattern in Chinese: It was a kind of
invocation, phylactery or religionary sign. Usually it was thought the indicia
stood for “sun” or “fire”. In sanscrit, the “wan” means “concentrate luck
and fine affability ”. In Buddhism, it is thought that it is the lucky omen
at sakyamuni’s breast. In Tang Dynasty, the only empress Wu Zetian (624—705)
in china history constituted nineteen strange words (“wan” in Chinese was
one of them) and ordained “wan” pronouncing, which is the meaning of luck
and prosperity. “Wan” has many meanings, which has the same meaning as myriad,
so it also has the lucky meaning. “Wan” in Chinese is usually used to make
side lines, and all “wan” is intituled the endlessness, has the meaning of
looking forward long blessedness.
Double happiness (“shuangxi” in Chinese): It is the art word structured
from the two “xi” letter in Chinese interlocking. It has the auspicious meaning
of double happiness coming. It is widely applied in traditional artistic ornamental
pattern in china
XVI. Birds dermatoglyphic pattern
Birds dermatoglyphic pattern is the usual traditional ornament dermatoglyphic
pattern in Beijing’s type carpet. Usually used birds have: carne, peafowl
and mandarin duck et al. These kinds of dermatoglyphic patterns are mostly
associated with mountains and water, flowers and trees for using. Except for
beautiful body of these birds, they have the lucky meaning. For example, carne,
as it was said that it was longevity bird, was often used for celestial being’s
horse (or beast) for riding. It and deer combined stands for “the world is
full of spring”, which means lucky and a long life. Mandarin duck, which was
named as suited bird in ancient, often stands for husband and wife devotion,
domestic harmony.
Crane: It stands for longevity. “Huainan zi ?Yuangui zhou”
was written: “Crane can live for a long time, so he can visit everywhere”.
Butterfly: It is the same tone as “die” letter in Chinese. Age over seventy
or eighty refers to “die” letter. Butterfly imbibes its meaning to show longevity.
Butterfly dermatoglyphic pattern is one of our country’s traditional design
dermatoglyphic pattern . Butterfly dermatoglyphic pattern as a ornament can
be gone back the periods of Nan and Bei. Its meaning is husband and wife devotion,
domestic harmony, happiness. Butterfly can be combined with cat and cutting
branches flowers to form a new dermatoglyphic pattern. Here butterfly stands
for longeyous old man, so it has the meaning of presenting birthday for old
man.
Butterfly: It is the same tone as “die” letter in Chinese.
Age over seventy or eighty refers to “die” letter. Butterfly imbibes its meaning
to show longevity. Butterfly dermatoglyphic pattern is one of our country’s
traditional design dermatoglyphic pattern . Butterfly dermatoglyphic pattern
as a ornament can be gone back the periods of Nan and Bei. Its meaning is
husband and wife devotion, domestic harmony, happiness. Butterfly can be combined
with cat and cutting branches flowers to form a new dermatoglyphic pattern.
Here butterfly stands for longeyous old man, so it has the meaning of presenting
birthday for old man.
XVII.The dermatoglyphic patterns showing Confucianism: Bogu, Official
career improving
Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism are the religion thought having great influence
on ancient china. many china carpet are deeply affected by them.
“Buogu” dermatoglyphic pattern ---“Buogu” letter came from
the book ---“Xuanhe buogu pictures” that is about ancient utensil hidden in
palace which were composited drawing by Hui Zong emperor’s order in Song Dynasty.
So subsequently, the ornamental drawings describing bronze ware, jade article,
figuline and stone were named as “Bogu dermatoglyphic pattern”. Sometimes
add flower, vegetable and fruit to intersperse Bogu dermatoglyphic pattern
.
“Bogu”: It refers to utensil in ancient treasures in study. We are familiar
with Bogu dermatoglyphic pattern such as ancient vase, jade article, ancient
cooking vessel, ancient paint et al. Bogu dermatoglyphic pattern romances
a culture atmosphere of well-read stock and was loved by literator and scholar-bureaucrat.
It stands for respecting for traditional Confucian culture in china, delivering
Chinese of the mentality of respecting traditionally ancient culture.
Mugwort leaves: It is a kind of perennial herbage, has fragrance,
can make into moxa, and is used for acupuncture. In folk, It is regarded as
a kind of anima plant. Its letter was used for the older honorific title in
ancient china, so it stands for the meaning of “honour” and “dearness”. “Ai”
letter is the same sound as “love” in Chinese. “Love” was the main meaning
of Confucian “benevolence”. It embodies the Confucianism connotation from
both “benevolence” and “courtesy”.
Official career improving: Its dermatoglyphic pattern is three halberds
inserted vase. “Vase” has the same sound as “even”(read “ping” in Chinese),
“three halberds” has the same as “three ranks”(read “san ji” in Chinese),
so people had the meaning of “Coequally promoting three ranks”. The Confucianists
pursue official career improving. Confucius said: “people studying the first-class
will have official career”. So “Coequally promoting three ranks” can popularly
explain Confucian philosophy.
Confucius( B.C.551—B.C.479) set up Confucian doctrine. He is the most famous
great politician, great ideologist, great educationist in china history. When
he was alive, some people addressed him “saint”. It is said that he has three
thousands students, among which there are seventy-two versed students accomplished
in poem, book, courtesy, justice. During the whole feudalization after he
was dead, Confucian doctrine always was in the first class. The feudal monarch
respected him as ancestor teacher, and prostrated reverently him. The esteem
for him seemed adoration for religion. The pillars in Confucian temple are
double dragons embracing pillar, but in imperial palace are single dragon
embracing pillar. It is evident that Confucian lies in status over monarch’s.
At the side of Confucian doctrine political viewpoint, his political viewpoint
lied in the only primary. The reason is that Confucian’s thought is “salvation”
rather than “renounce the world”. What Confucian is concern about is not God,
devil, religion and theology rather than how to manage human being, mend oneself
and practise. Confucian said: “ If we can’t manage human being, how can we
manage devil?” The thought was fit for gerentocratic willing, and his doctrine
was the useful method of controlling country.
The base setting up Confucian political theory is “courtesy and affability”
and “mercy and personal loyalty”. “Lead people by virtue, control country
by courtesy” is Confucian’s the highest political viewpoint. “Virtue” refers
to mercy and personal loyalty. What is the meaning of mercy and personal loyalty
is the ethic of cherishing people and behaving. “Law” refers to severely hierachical
ethical system such as “monarch-monarch, liegeman-liegeman, father-father,
son-son, male-female are different”. Confucian thought that only restriction
through “law” is not enough, there must be companied with “affability ”. “Affability
” makes terms from heart. Like this, namely forcibly restriction in the forms
of“law” and added inner emotive blending in the forms of “affability ”, so
relationship between human being can be harmonization.
By setting up human’s relationship in the forms of “courtesy and affability”
and “mercy and personal loyalty”, the world would become peace. So Confucian
thought “courtesy and affability” and “mercy and personal loyalty” was ultimate
principle governing country and harmonizing family.
In order to realistic the political viewpoint of “courtesy and affability”
and “mercy and personal loyalty”, Confucian very emphasized education. He
thought perfecting personality and setting up “courtesy and affability” must
be though study and thought. So he advocated “erudition from article”, “Learning
must often review”. Confucian said: “Only learning but not considering, then
puzzle, only considering but not learning, then idleness”. He did his best
to reach to understand logic by the manners of “make oneself become pundit
from articles” to realistic “restrict oneself by courtesy”, consequently,
ultimately reach to “mercy” thought from “strictly request oneself to reach
courtesy”.
Ruyi----made of bamboo, jade, born et al. an ganoderma lucidum or
cloudy-shaped head, slightly crooked shank. Ruyi came from India introduction
our country. It is Buddhism utensil. As it was said that first Ruyi was the
utensil that was held in hand by shaman, who wrote something on ruyi for avoiding
forgetting. Since Ruyi was introduced china, It was liked by monarch, who
was delighted in Ruyi. The monarch of Qing Dynasty ever used Ruyi. Ruyi is
the symbol of imperial power. Otherwise, the name of Ruyi is lucky, so it
is regarded as luck.
Ruyi dermatoglyphic pattern is usually painted along with pen, ingot dermatoglyphic
pattern . Using their partial tone can become the lucky meaning of “must satisfy
one’s willings”.
Everything is Success: Ruyi is usually painted along with
two persimmons. Their partial tone is “everything is Success”.
XVIII. The dermatoglyphic pattern showing Taoist thought: “yin” and
“yang”, the eight diagrams.
“Yin” and “yang”, the eight diagrams: In Taoist opinion,
the world was divided into ideal world and natural world. Absoluteness of
natural world is general. Tao produced “yin” and “yang” to dominate natural
world. The symbol of “yin” and “yang” is ¤. Absoluteness of ideal world is
“Taiji”. “Taiji” produced two ceremonies to dominate ideal world. Two ceremonies
are softness and firmness. The symbol of softness is ___. The symbol of firmness
is----. Origin of the two kinds of symbols had different parlance, some said
they came from ancient knot letters, others said they was the symbol of male
genitals and female genitalia. Difference of two ceremonies consequently produced
four images. Four images more produced eight diagrams: qian, dui, zhe, li,
zhen, kun, kan, gen in Chinese.
The origin of “Yin” and “Yang”, the eight diagrams is following:
Natural world----Tao (sightless)----“yin” and “yang” (sightless)----images
(eyeable, immateriality)---- utensil( eyeable, materiality);
Ideal world----“taiji” (sightless)----two ceremonies (sightless)----four images(
eyeable, immateriality)----the eight diagrams (eyeable, materiality).
The Taoism thought natural world and ideal world lie in continuous change
and association each other, thus which makes all movement in the whole world.
Holding the movement is through augury of diagram pattern to guess if the
future is good or ill luck, from which the Taoism educed the method of governing
world. So the eight diagrams are thought having supernatural bewitchment.
During long periods, even today, some people in Chinese uncultured region
regard augury as Gods.
In Zhou Dynasty(B.C. the eleventh century ---B.C.476), under a son of heaven,
set up official and koradji. The official managed government, the koradji
foretold providence. The ancient people thought monarch came from the God
to govern human being, so they named him as a son of heaven. Now that a son
of heaven came from God, then the action, which a son of heaven continuously
foretold providence to induce people to obey it, had sovereign political meaning.
Magnum opus of koradji is “book of changes”, which is the Taoism origin. Magnum
opus of official is “book of shu”, which is the Confucian father. The tenet
of “book of changes” is polling Gods, superstition “yin” and “yang”, returning
simplicity to reality. The tenet of “book of shu” is lecture government, pondering
life, pursuing official career.
What is “Yi” is the universal movement deducing from change between “yin”
and “yang” in nature. Hunting for the mysterious movement system became the
philosophical proposition by the Taoism hard pondering. The Taoism thought:
“Body upword is named as “dao” in Chinese, body downword is named as “qi”
in Chinese.” The “dao” refers to universal inner principle in “yin” and “yang”
forming. The “qi” refers to formed material things according to “dao” principle.
From “dao” to “qi” is the realistic international course what is held by Taoism.
The most successful person in Taoism thought is “Lao zi” (who lived in about
B.C. 400 or so). The main spirit “Lao zi” thought is “inaction”, “liking quiet”,
“impunity”, “unselfishness”, making concessions to avoid trouble, unsharpening
the contradiction between things, reaching to peace of the whole world in
easy and relaxative rhythm by the method of do-nothing and without nonfeasance.
“Lao zi” was esteemed for the founder of a school of learning by Taoism established
by his offsping.
XIX. The dermatoglyphic pattern showing Buddhism thought
It is said that the periods about Buddhism introduction china is during the
periods of Donghan ming emperor “yongping” the tenth ( A.D.67). India shaman
Jayemoten and Zhufalan along with Ming emperor’s envoy, arrived in the city
“Luoyang” with carrying lections on the back of write horses. Hanming emperor
set up the write horse temple which is the first one in our country in city
“Luoyang” for them in order to commemorate them. Last years of Donghan periods,
there has been many sutras introduction our country. According to biography’s
recordation, Huan emperor especially liked the Buddhist ceremony. In palace,
he offered sacrifices for golden figure of Buddha. Until the Weijin periods,
because of chaos caused by war, famine, wandering about and scattering, suffered
common people began to pursue the Buddhism reincarnation happiness. Governor
actively advocated the Buddhism for appeasing common people. So Buddhism has
the chance to surging forward in china. At that time, in China, appeared some
Buddhism center such as ChangAn, JianKang, LuShan, LuoYang et al. Hence, Buddhism
was continuously compatible with Buddhism and Taoism in china. For example,
“Emptiness” in Buddhism is relative to “nihility” in Taosim, “lucky” of “lucky
led all living creatures” in Buddhism is consistent with “benevolence” of
“ Wanting to establish oneself must be benevolent to other people; wanting
to become a thoroughly understood person must benevolent to other people”
in Taoism. They came into being Dhyana system which was adapted to feudatorial
patriarchal clan system in china in manners of cultivating oneself according
to a religious doctrine, increasingly finished Buddhism cause in china, and
produced the Buddhism branch in chins which had great influence on china.
In Chinese carpet design, the dermatoglyphic pattern showing Buddhism thought
is “Eight treasure of Buddhism” which is Buddhism eight cimelia. Each cimelia
stands for a kind of Buddhism tenet.
Buddha's warrior attendant's stick
It is a kind of Buddha power utensil called “Ba Zhe Luo” being Lama’s power
stick. It was a kind of weapon in ancient India, later it became Buddha power
utensil, being a kind of “firebolt” used by Indian divinity ”Yin Tuo Luo”
and it was often used for Lama religion ceremony symbolized the power for
controlling the transmigration or people's life. The Buddha’s warrior attendant's
stick symbolized male's virilia and it was also the symbol of convenience
and mercy.
“Eight treasure of Buddhism” refers to:
Triton---Buddhism thought triton can blow Bodhisattva’s lucky
dulcet sound.
Magic wheel----It stands for magic wheel rotating, can put down disaster.
Treasure umbrella----It can open or close freely, widely protect
all flesh and avoid disaster.
Treasure lid----It collects the whole medicine in the world,
can heal the wounded and rescue the dying.
Lotus flower----It can make people throw away grime and accept cleanliness,
isn’t contaminated by dustiness.
Goldfish----Its life is liveliness. It can disentangle bad
disaster and make life blooming and get rid of unspiritual tribulation.
Metempsychosis----It has a thorough power understanding logic
and forevermore brightly lit. It can make people thoroughly understanding
anything.
Treasure vase----It can be full of lucky and wisdom, perfect, make
people having immense lucky and wisdom and don’t suffer the disaster forever.
XX. Lace, angle flower dermatoglyphic pattern
Lace dermatoglyphic pattern is a kind of zonal dermatoglyphic pattern usually
used in carpet. Its feature is continuity and not uniform. In design, it is
named as two square continuous design. It is mainly used for four sides ornament
in carpet. Angle flower dermatoglyphic pattern is also named as “angle coign
dermatoglyphic pattern ”. This kind of dermatoglyphic pattern is specially
used for ornamenting four angles in carpet.
XXI. Decoration carpet dermatoglyphic pattern
Decorationc carpet dermatoglyphic pattern is also named as foreign flower
dermatoglyphic pattern . It is a kind of recherché carpet dermatoglyphic pattern
that was produced by using for reference from France classical aulic design
after 1920 in Chinese carper business. Main design uses blooming peony, china
rose, rose et al. as the central bunch flowers, palmated leaves as minor role.
Composition of a picture is vivid, well-proportioned and symmetrical. Design
is dealt with by using the method of chiaroscuro. so the whole carpet takes
on the design having hundreds flowers blooming.
XXII. Flower leaves dermatoglyphic pattern
In flower leaves dermatoglyphic pattern , usually used flower leaves have:
water lily leaves, morning glory leaves, peony leaves, China rose leaves,
melon leaves, lotus leaves, bamboo leaves, pine leaves et al. Also have metabolic
leaves, especially wave-shaped leaves, where growing branches, blooming and
germinating. Its lamina shows curly shape, so venation also circumgyrate.
It has hearty life and dynamic.
XXIII. Natural landscape dermatoglyphic pattern
Stone: It stands for firmness. In carpet design, except for
steep ornament meaning, stone veins also means longevity and firmness. Great
poet Su shi (1030—1101) in Shong Dynasty said: “plum blossom’s pretty from
colder, Bamboo’s longevity from thinner, stone’s veins from ugly, but they
are three good friends”. So people often paint plum blossom, bamboo and stone
together.
Mountain and sea: Mountain and sea dermatoglyphic pattern
are often blended. Both of them can not only set off, but also imply the meaning
of “ longevity mountain and lucky sea”. The best blessing words in Chinese
tradition is “ Luck is like east sea, longevity is like south mountain”.
Thunder: It stands for stateliness and lordliness. The ancients said:
“the roll of thunder is like sound of Kingdom of Heaven’s drumming; hear the
sound away from five hundred miles, so shock the whole world.” Thunder veins
is often used for ornamenting heaven and earth of design, so both sides are
continuous.
Water: The origin of Human being comes from the
Changjiang River, so Human being are closely linked with water. The first
natural material that Human being got to know was water. At present, water
lines is one of the most ancient dermatoglyphic pattern . Ceaselessly caroling
sliding water, pouring and roaring onflow stand for vital life and enthusiasm.
Water is the best theme of writing poem and painting. Since thousands and
hundreds years, water has been singing and describing.
Fire: It stands for luminosity and youth. Fire is the important natural
power that was first controlled and used by Human being. It illuminated Human
being’s course. During remote antiquity, fire lines had been adored by Human
being.
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